Simplify operator interaction. Reduce errors. Improve response time.
Why Navigation Matters
An HMI (Human-Machine Interface) is only as effective as its usability. Poor navigation slows operators down, increases training time, and raises the risk of mistakes—especially in high-pressure environments. A well-structured navigation system ensures operators can find critical information instantly and act with confidence.
- Start with Operator Workflows
Design around how operators actually use the system—not how it’s engineered.
- Map common tasks (startup, shutdown, alarms, troubleshooting)
- Identify high-frequency vs. occasional actions
- Prioritize speed for critical operations
Goal: Reduce the number of steps to complete essential tasks.
- Use a Clear Hierarchical Structure
Organize screens in a logical, layered format:
- Level 1: Overview / Dashboard (plant or system status)
- Level 2: Area or Process Views (e.g., pumps, lines, zones)
- Level 3: Equipment Detail (specific assets, controls, diagnostics)
Avoid deep nesting—operators should reach any critical screen within 2–3 taps.
- Keep Navigation Consistent
Consistency builds muscle memory and reduces cognitive load.
- Place menus in the same location on every screen
- Use standard icons and naming conventions
- Maintain uniform layouts and color usage
Tip: If users have to “think” about navigation, it’s too complex.
- Prioritize Critical Information
Not all data is equal—design accordingly.
- Surface alarms, warnings, and system status prominently
- Use visual hierarchy (size, color, placement) to guide attention
- Avoid clutter—only show what’s actionable
- Design for Speed and Clarity
Operators often work under time pressure.
- Minimize clicks/taps for key actions
- Use large, touch-friendly buttons
- Ensure labels are clear and unambiguous
Rule of thumb: No guesswork, no delays.
- Implement Smart Navigation Aids
- Breadcrumbs: Show where users are within the system
- Quick Access Buttons: For alarms, trends, and critical equipment
- Search or Jump-To Functions: For large systems
These tools reduce time spent navigating complex structures.
- Optimize Alarm Navigation
Alarms should guide action—not overwhelm.
- Link alarms directly to relevant equipment screens
- Enable one-click navigation from alarm to root cause
- Prioritize alarms by severity and urgency
- Design for Real-World Conditions
HMIs are used in demanding environments.
- Ensure readability in various lighting conditions
- Use high-contrast color schemes
- Avoid relying solely on color (support with text/icons)
- Test with Real Users
Validation is critical.
- Conduct usability testing with operators
- Observe task completion time and error rates
- Refine based on real feedback—not assumptions
- Plan for Scalability
Your system will evolve—your navigation should too.
- Design modular screen structures
- Allow for easy addition of new equipment or processes
- Maintain consistency as the system grows
An intuitive HMI navigation structure reduces operator burden, speeds up decision-making, and improves overall system performance.
